⚗️ Practical Chemistry Explorer

Whole-number atom counts, matching () or [] groups, and dot-separated hydrates. Charges and isotope labels are not parsed.

Fuels & energy

Compare what fuels contain and how much chemical energy they store.

Compare equal amounts

Lower heating value (LHV), from DOE AFDC. Useful output is a calculation using your assumed efficiencies, not a vehicle-performance prediction.

1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Stored energy is not useful work; conversion losses matter. Composition, storage and lifecycle emissions also matter. Fuels are not interchangeable.

DOE data and reference conditions ↗